Vitamin D (VD) is important for the development and maintenance of bone tissue. This study used clinical and radiographic evaluations to analyse whether insufficient VD levels affect the peri-implant health of patients with implant-supported prostheses. Data were collected for 33 patients with implant-supported prostheses: Probing depth (PD); width of keratinized mucosa (wKM); bleeding (mBI); peri-implant plaque index (mPI); distance from implant to bone crest and VD level.

Mineralization is the physiological process of calcium and phosphorus deposition on the organic matrix after osteoblasts have synthesized and formed this matrix. Adequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus have to be available for normal mineralization. In cases of hypocalcaemia or hypophosphatemia, if osteoblasts continue producing bone matrix that is not adequately mineralized, bone repair may not occur, and rickets in children, as well as osteomalacia in adults, may develop. VD insufficiency is inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone and carboxyl-terminal telopeptide (CTX), a marker of bone resorption. Estimates suggest that about one billion people in the world have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.

Titanium frictional dental implants (Kopp System, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil), measuring 3.75 mm in diameter and 8, 9 or 11 mm long, were placed under local anesthesia by one surgeon in a single intervention. The implants were placed after raising a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap. The implant site preparation was performed according to the protocol of the system and primary stability was always achieved. The implants were placed 1 to 2 mm below the bone crest. After one week, the sutures were removed and postoperative control was performed.

Vitamin D levels in the blood of a population vary according to age, eating habits, use of sunscreen, seasonality, geography and cultural and genetic factors. The inclusion criteria in this study, however, defined unique population characteristics, as participant age was narrowly limited, and participants were all from the same geographic region and had similar social and cultural backgrounds, which precluded statistical correlations with findings in other studies.

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