Blood Tumor

INTRODUCTION:

Blood cancer is a type of cancer affects the production and function of your blood cells. This type of cancer starts in bone marrow which is the integral source of blood production. Stem cells in your bone marrow mature and develop into three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. In case of cancer, the blood production process is interrupted due to the growth of an abnormal type of blood cell. 

TYPES:

The three main types of blood cancer are leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma:

 Leukemia: It is a blood cancer that originates in the blood and bone marrow. It occurs when the body creates too many abnormal white blood cells and interferes with the bone marrow’s ability to make red blood cells and platelets.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: It is a blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system from cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections.

Hodgkin lymphoma: It is a blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system from cells called lymphocytes. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of an abnormal lymphocyte called the Reed-Sternberg cell.

Multiple myeloma: It is a blood cancer that begins in the blood’s plasma cells, a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow.

SYMPTOMS:

• Weakness, Fatigue, and Malaise
• Shortness of breath
• Minimal body strain results in bone fractures
• Excessive or easy bruising
• Bleeding gums
• Recurrent infections or fever
• Sweating of body during night
• Weight loss
• Frequent vomiting sensations
• Anorexia
• Lymph node (gland) enlargement
• Lumps or abdominal distension due to enlarged abdominal organs
• Abdominal pain, Bone pain and Back pain
• Delirium and confusion
• Abnormal bleeding in gums nose and cuts, which will lead to platelet reduction
• Headaches along with visual difficulties
• Occurrence of fine rashes on dark spots
• Decreased urination and difficulty while urinating

CAUSES OF BLOOD CANCER

Although the specific cause of blood cancer is unknown, various factors are associated with its onset. Some causes are:

• Aging
• Family history
• Weak immune system
• Certain infections

TREATMENT:

Treatment will depend on the type of blood cancer you have, your age, how fast the cancer is progressing, and whether the cancer has spread to other parts of your body.

Because treatments for blood cancer have vastly improved over the last several decades, many types of blood cancers are now highly treatable. Common treatments include the following:

Chemotherapy: Anticancer drugs are introduced to the body (via injection into the vein or sometimes by taking a pill) to kill and halt the production of cancer cells.

Radiation therapy: This form of cancer treatment uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.

Targeted therapies: This form of cancer treatment uses drugs that specifically kill malignant blood cells, without harming normal cells. Targeted therapies are most commonly used to treat leukemia.

Stem cell transplantation: Healthy stem cells can be infused into your body to help resume healthy blood production following therapy to destroy malignant blood cells.

Cancer Surgery: This treatment involves removing the affected lymph nodes to treat some lymphomas.

Immunotherapy: This treatment activates the immune system to specifically kill cancer cells.

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www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/clinical-oncology-cancer-research.html or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial office at clinoncol@alliedacademies.org.

Regards

Amalia Azzariti

Managing Editor

Journal Of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research.