Terpenoids are a wide variety of compounds that possess an isoprene unit as the basic structure, and are classified as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and others based on the number of carbon atoms. Plants synthesize numerous terpenoids that play important roles as temporary metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, and growth hormones. In addition, terpenoids provide protection against pathogenic microorganisms.

Citrus terpenoids are present in oils called essential oils and are widely utilized commercially as aroma-providing components in foods and cosmetics. Furthermore, terpenoids and other components of plant essential oils exhibit a wide range of properties such as antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and osteogenic action. Currently, clinical studies are being conducted on the anticancer action of terpenoids, suggesting the possibility that these compounds may be effective medicines against several diseases.

Nootkatone is one of the sesquiterpenes contained in grapefruit and is synthesized by the oxidation of the precursor, valencene. It is known that nootkatone has various physiological activities such as antioxidation activities against diesel exhaust particles in the lung and antifibrotic actions against carbon tetrachloride-induced tumor necrosis of the liver. However, there are very few reports about the antibacterial activity of nootkatone. The antibacterial activity was investigated in terms of growth suppression and the bactericidal action of nootkatone against various bacterial species.

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